As probably the most obvious example, looking at the relative development of the tech sector in the US compared to the EU, particularly now the UK has left, I don't think it takes a genius to work out who loses if the EU really tries to cut off US tech for not playing nicely with EU rules (GDPR or otherwise) and the US government retaliates.
For example, Tencent has a lot of WeChat users in the EU but the EU haven't done a thing about their gross privacy violations that don't align with GDPR. Or Xiaomi Roborock vacuum cleaners, which are sold in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, but send Wi-Fi SSIDs, passwords, GPS, and floor maps back to their server with no option to disable that behavior and no option to request deletion of user data.
They mostly target Silicon Valley companies and don't seem to particularly care if other countries' companies violate GDPR.
Well that’s a very interesting take. Enforcement is overwhelmingly targeted at foreign companies, and primarily from the US and EU. I guess you can be the judge of whether it’s a just coincidence that those are the countries that the EU has the most contentious trade relationships with. Aside from China of course, which I’d say you have correctly observed would simply not tolerate the EU trying to enforce its laws extraterritorially.