Sort of like the content recognition systems in use:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_content_recognition
on the other hand, I found this interesting:
In January 2018, a YouTube uploader who created a white noise generator received copyright notices about a video he uploaded which was created using this tool and therefore contained only white noise.
Maybe something like mu-law, which only has 3 kHz bandwidth centered on human speech (as opposed to mp3 with usually 44.1 kHz) would perform best.
I also noticed that zoom corrects for lag in my connection by speeding up and slowing down speech. (I noticed that when my counterpart was running a metronome.)
Zoom could artificially introduce micro-lags to encode data. Eg as a human I can't really tell whether some sound starts on an even or an odd milli-second.
Not really. And if a user does, they will hear rather mundane codec artifacts, and or noise that is basically like other noise.
Given a redundant mark, and the system I linked has multiple, concurrent redundancy, the chance of the mark surviving grows with the amount of audio.
They can literally drop marks during speech the entire time.
POTS is a few KHz. So less, but without looking into Nielsen's fingerprinting methods I wouldn't say you could assume that the fingerprint wouldn't be preserved running it through a phone line first.
You lose the "voice" in the process, but in some situations it might actually be fine