This is gross violation of user privacy but if you file a bug with FB they will say - "won't fix" ; is working as intended.
I can see why someone would have unthinkingly added the profile picture to the recovery screen, but since the downside of resetting the wrong account is so low (an SMS that can be ignored by the rightful user), it seems easily fixable.
https://gimletmedia.com/shows/reply-all/76hdrj
I don't think Facebook ever actually apologised for doing this.
When I hit someone's voice mail I can get their name, so it's not like most people consider it to be private.
What's the benefit of having a public phone number? You get more advertisements and spam. With a private phone number only people you've given the number to will call you. You can limit who can bother you.