It can be anonymous and you will have to present an evidence that certain transaction belongs to you only when the situation requires it. Government can ensure information split at the time of registration and then dictate that only warrant can allow to link the 2.

Anyway, the ability of governments to identify their citizens is technological problem. Overall during our history we agreed to potential of being identified by governments. Tech brings new tools to them. I wish they could adopt them quicker.

Overall we shouldn't be afraid of new tech and more reliability. But what we need is the system that will be future proof in terms of balance between individual and big entities even if their technological ability to identify you is near perfect.