I don't know how often this occurs. I know a specific case was Pandemrix, the vaccine administered in a few European nationas during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak, which seems to have increased the risk of narcolepsy especially for children [1,2].

[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28847694/ [2] https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/history/narcoleps...

Some vaccines have caused antibody dependent enhancement before. However that doesn't appear to be a problem with any of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.572681