It's not "lost", it's a hedging tradeoff.
yeah.
If we optimize for efficiency, we get supply disruptions every 5 years or so. If we optimize for redundancy, we suffer from higher prices all the time, and delayed availability of all new tech. I don’t know which is worse.
JIT works for fungible commodities, you suddenly realize how much the cost/volume/downside ratio works when your always-on JIT capacity goes to zero.
I don't want my water treatment plant to go down because a bean counter decided that spare parts are now stocked entirely by McMaster-Carr.