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> with a retrofitted exhalation valve filter

that definitely fixes it.

is there a way to know who has the exhalation filter and who doesn't, though?

How does a high-volume retail store know whether the rando with the elastomeric mask has a sufficient exhalation filter or not?

That is my big concern.

That's why they put a filter on it

You can't spread what you haven't caught.

Seems like everyone assumes they are not infected. It's always the others that are irresponsibly spreading diseases.