The protein folding problem isn't part of the body- it's a reduction in which the protein is folded in regular water solvent with no other components.

I'm not sure what you mean by "DNA sequencing is done by sampling then predicting the rest". DNA sequencing works by oversampling and then making a "call" about the specific base in a position given the evidence. Regions without data are described as N with estimated length M, rather than a "prediction".