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Not in real time.

If you want to do real time 5G calls (as you do when you prototype, test and develop) using software defined radio you buy one of those USRP boxes. They have CPU's DSPs that run software and then programmable FPGA's talking to ADCs and DACs.

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There‘s also Amarisoft, which does it in „real time“ in software, but not open source.

I believe srsLTE, used to turn SDRs into eNodeB/UEs, adds support for 5G soon (tm).

Where can I find more information about the details of the interface of the modem firmware (ASIC) and the real time software?

Call up Qualcomm and offer millions of dollars?

Here is an interesting paper on the architecture of an LTE modem. Seems like a reasonable approach, although I don't know how prevalent this approach is. RFIC, some dedicated hardware for the PHY DSP stuff and an ARM chip for the high level logic, all connected via AXI bus.

https://community.arm.com/cfs-file/__key/telligent-evolution...

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