What kind of exam requires you to memorize trig identities? Were they trying to prepare you for a world without paper or computers to look them up on? Or to be a smidgen faster at hand calculations?
Yes, most high schools spend a few months teaching “trigonometry” as a system for simplifying formulas that was primarily useful historically to save time for human calculators working with pen/paper and a printed lookup table. In the modern world this is entirely anachronistic and the content could be profitably compressed down to a couple weeks, with the saved time spent on something else. The main remaining utility is as rather cumbersome, unpleasant, and unenlightening algebra practice.
In the same sense that doing this work by hand will build depth of understanding, I know that remembering the trig identities came before really understanding their relationships. And that also came far before I could truly understand Euler's formula, radians, etc.