Regulations which require engineers or their union representatives to sit on the corporate board of directors.
(Such as in the deplorable communist countries Germany, Austria, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, France and Denmark.)
There's even precedence in the US for this approach: in the legal profession, only lawyers are permitted to own or to manage a law firm.
Because it mentioned unions is my guess.
This is the guaranteed outcome given this way of organizing commerce. Just as if you organized everyone into medieval guilds, we would replicate the behavior of medieval guilds.
I dunno man, the culture came from McDonnell-Douglass which was actually purchased by engineer-centric-at-the-time Boeing. How this culture spread in Boeing ought to be some kind of HBS case study, except they wouldn't notice that it should be taken as a cautionary tale.
The company that today uses the name Boeing looks, acts, and quacks a lot more like 1970s-1995 MD did, than 1970s-1995 Boeing did.