QEMU in fact does dynamic translation, which is more like how JIT works in bytecode languages; this is why it's much faster than some earlier machine emulator software. (I think e.g. Bochs didn't have dynamic translation back when QEMU was coming into play, but the Web suggests that there's at least discussion around that feature so maybe that's not true anymore.)

The BEAM is currently a bytecode interpreter. The article describes it as using threaded code, which if you look at the C source is true in a sense on platforms where the C compiler provides the GNU-style extension of being able to take the address of labels for dynamic `goto` (https://stenmans.org/happi_blog/?p=194 agrees with my skim of `beam_emu.c`)—though if that's the only use as it seems, I might find that an edge case of the term, since I associate “threaded code” with the style used in Forth where “user-level” subroutines can be pointed to directly. If computed `goto` isn't available, then it uses a conventional switch/case loop, repeatedly dispatching the result of fetching the next bytecode instruction pointer value.