Speed has never not mattered; whoever told you that hand waved over a ton of nuance and did you a disservice. The reality is that for a lot of work loads an increase in speed is not worth the
tradeoff (key word) of increased maintenance burden.
All else being equal, faster services are cheaper to run. Faster services can service more requests per compute/memory resource, which means you don't have to buy as many servers/containers/whatever. This is particularly important if you're being billed by the ms, which is the context we're talking about here.