- oral exams via video call
- written exams where students are distributed over a larger area (e.g. the university rents a warehouse for the examination time) so that the COVID-19 spreading risk is nevertheless kept very small.
The desks were so far apart that the current "social distancing" standards would be met. I remember that many courses had multiple variations of the same exam given to students to further reduce cheating.
I'm taking an online masters right now and have taken a few (pre-pandemic) proctored exams. The nearby university offers to proctor any exam for $10. They have a bunch of rooms with desks, and it's no big deal at all.
This proctoring technology thing has gone too far and too fast. It was a knee-jerk reaction, and with a lot of complaints I bet that a lot of it gets dropped.