Thank you for your comments.

Posts that are not published have a "draft" badge in the dashboard, to help you distinguish between a published and unpublished post.

Adding a link to the post page for quick access to editing mode is somewhat problematic as the pages are all statically generated without any javascript to make them very lean and fast. So they're basically the same for all users. A login indication is hard for the same reason, because the homepage too is a static page.

A button for quick publishing is something that could indeed be improved, thanks for the suggestion!