A New Theory of Western Civilization
theatlantic.com
theatlantic.com
In the west, individuals are much more autonomous and that enables more effective social associations where people are gathering in groups based on their levels of competence, interests and views.
[0] Woodley, Michael A.; Edward Bell (2013). "Consanguinity as a Major Predictor of Levels of Democracy: A Study of 70 Nations". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 44 (2): 263–280. doi:10.1177/0022022112443855. S2CID 145714074.
Western liberalism and individual freedom is really a very recent development. Just 100 years ago, people were being forced to work on ships, in factories, on farms, in wars and 3-4 generations living in one home was normal. Just 60 years ago, many people were heavily discriminated against and had little freedom.
Imo, these "more effective social associations" just lead to an increase in mental problems and perhaps ultimately, to the unraveling of such societies. Long term *ships are good, the focus on hyper efficiency just means more and more people are being left behind, and groups simply have no idea what other groups are thinking or how to work with them.
See all the antimaskers, antivaxxers, authoritarian supporters. All dismissed as stupid/irrelevant and considered a minority by the other side. And vice versa. The reality is different, but there's such a disconnect that no one knows how to fix this.
You know those jobs are still necessary, right? Still exist? People are just as forced into them now as they were in 1920 especially outside the developed world. You're complaining that life in antiquity was hard and attributing it to a failure of society.
What if it's just the nature of reality that life is hard, brutish, and short, and the slice of modernity we've enjoyed briefly for the last half century has been a reprieve offered by liberalism?
Also how do you even bundle anti maskers and authoritarians in one sentence? Anti maskers aren't telling people not to go to church or visit their families, or to die alone. The authoritarians are on the other side, like Mr Andrew Cuomo. He's the one literally persecuting Jews in New York for practicing their beliefs in a way that is politically unfashionable due to a disease with a 99.9% survival rate.
You might disagree with them but anti maskers are anti authoritarian. They are literally fighting authority.
Lots of people have sacrificed their lives to give us a better one. I'm only from an ex-USSR country, and I've never been to countries worse off, but from what I read, workers rights have taken hold pretty much everywhere.
The anti-maskers/pro-authoritarians part was in reply to "people are gathering in groups based on their levels of competence, interests and views".
Yes, everyone gathers in their own groups with narrow views, and they don't have to live or even communicate with people who have different views. So they don't even try to understand the opposing point of view. It's automatically just them "being dumb", "just wrong" or "fake news" or whatever.
It might make for more effective social associations in the short term, but I don't see how it's sustainable in the long term. It's the same exact type of divide that exists between the wealthy and the rest.
Post-WW2, the working class was largely replaced by a well-off middle class, and that created other problems in itself.
Indeed, we do owe our modern lives to the privileged people who nonetheless chose to fight for the commoner, raising everyone's living standards.
[1] Degrees are counted by how many nodes in the tree have to be traversed upward to reach the nearest common direct ancestor. For example siblings are second degree since the two siblings share a common ancestor. An uncle and nephew would be 3rd degree, first cousins 4th degree, and so on.
* https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/inbreeding-and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousin_marriage_in_the_Middle_...
This must have some serious negative effect on the societies there, especially when done for 50 consecutive generations.
https://www.muslimcouncilofamerica.org/cousin-marriage-among...
"Roman civil law prohibited marriages within four degrees of consanguinity[44] but had no degrees of affinity with regards to marriage."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incest#Antiquity (Top of third to last paragraph in section)
"most other contemporary non-Western societies?" You are a rare anthropologist to make this assertion. Both endogamy and exogamy are common across the globe, and have been for millennia.
I think this book excerpt overstates the case.
It's why there are very few "honour killings" in more Westernized societies: non-WEIRD cultures need to restore the family's reputation from the actions of an individual. While in WEIRD cultures it is only the individual's reputation that suffers, not the parents'/relatives'.
The traditional form of polygamy comes from the natural forces of nature, not oppression.
...or even own child, especially if there is a pension system and centralised care system.
Given the current state of technology, it is fairly easy to know who is the father of a kid.
Personally, I do not feel the drive to polygamy, in particular because I think it is very emotionally demanding of all the participants and ultimately exhausting and unstable.
I don't know what the "natural forces of nature" are, but of course many, many animal species do not establish monogamous relationships and they still manage to surivive.
I see both monogamy and preventing cosanguinity as examples of actions that could increase this mixing.
Maybe we do need to move to adopt polyamory, the evidence from online dating suggests we are reverting instead to default primate behaviour.
Incel anger is a real thing, but incels are not building warships or running munitions factories.
But you are right, I should have mentioned that high status men contribute to wars as well.
Re incels, it depends on the definition of the term whether they can be regarded as such. I think that the term is most commonly used to refer to a specific group of men in western society which by and large is still monogamic, so it's not very comparable to a mostly polygamic society and the effects it has. I think most men or women who identify as incel can find someone if they really want to, they might just not live up to their standards. I mean, here in the west there is no effect which removes far more women from the dating pool than men :).
In most societies, males are typically sent out to war because males can easily have more children than females since they don't have go go through a period of pregnancy, so a society that sacrifices its males on high risk high reward activities can rebuild faster than if it sacrificed females instead. This is why typically you see male soldiers, raiders, and explorers.
But as a result, more warlike societies tend to have less males in the population than females because the males keep getting sent out to die. Remaining females now have less potential mates to choose from, so polygamy becomes socially acceptable to ensure more people get a share of the economic rewards those surviving males bring back.
So you could easily flip this around and say that it's not polygamy that causes war. Rather, war causes polygamy, and polygamy is a reward for the few male "winners" that survive to bring home the loot because now they have less genetic competition.
This model of warfare reducing the proportion of males could also explain why most societies have tended to be patrachical. Scarce males means each males has more bargaining power. In return for the economic loot they bring back, they could demand more say in the household than their counterpart or counterparts. Stretch this population imbalance over a few centuries and you get a patrachical society.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Henrich
* https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/51710349-the-weirdest-pe...