Calculating Viterbi paths for Hidden Markov Models is faster by an order of magnitude or two than doing it on the CPU. I worked on porting NVIDIAs OpenCL implementation to a more 'platform neutral' version for the research project I'm involved in.
Here are some more examples:
http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/opencl/sdk/webs...
There are many, many applications beyond crypto.