I think of the US as the best of both worlds because we have split phase so you can get 240 if you want, but we run the safer 120 to most of the house.
Also, on safety, I don't know the statistics, but subjectively, electricity feels much more dangerous in the US because of the plug and socket design.
F.e. standard USA circuits are 15A, IIRC. In Australia, in contrast, it's typically 10A.
Hence, Australia's safer than USA - though realistically any amount of current is fairly unpleasant.
The current is determined by the voltage divided the resistance.
The current that flows during a shock would not be limited by breaker size in any country -- you'll be long dead by the time 1 amp flows.