It wasn't that long ago that women made up close to 0% of graduates in law and medicine. There were lots of scientific-sounding essentialist arguments made about gender to explain that. Nowadays close to 50% of graduates in medicine and law are women. Remember than when you hear people spouting off about why women aren't suited to programming.
http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0300.p...