Historical Thesaurus of English
ht.ac.uk
ht.ac.uk
My first exposure to this with any rigor was in high school. We were given one of shakespeare’s sonnets to analyze and the first thing we had to to was go to the library and look up literally every word in the sonnet in the OED and consider only those senses of the word that dated to date of composition or prior. A LOT of words didn’t mean to shakespeare what you think they mean now!
This exercise was more to do with the actual ordinary "plain" word meanings. In 1605, "nice" had the primary sense of "precise" or "careful and tidy", and if you don't know that this sentence, for example, doesn't parse:
Old fashions please me best; I am not so nice / To change true rules for odd inventions.This is perfect. I am totally going to use this.