Not usually, no. But applying formatting on top of selection is another rich text benefit: with text selected cmd-B makes it bold, shift-8 just replaces the selection with an asterisk (in a standard text field)
In rich text interfaces, keyboard shortcuts do more and work better than they do when typing Markdown in pure plain text environments.
That you can build better keyboard shortcuts for plain text areas is of course true, but it’s still a hack on top of a hack.