I do scientific computing i.e. solve partial differential equations that arise in engineering using C/C++/CUDA/OpenCL with some Python/Matlab interfaces for non-specialist scientists to use.
To be honest, I feel like I really lucked into this job and don't really know many places that employ people like me for solving PDEs in industry but you could definitely try something like quant researcher/developer which will alleviate some of the compensation woes from university and still have aspects of mathematical code to some extent.
For programming jobs including some math in general, well I'm jumping on the hype train that is ML/DL because the jobs are more numerous and pay better even when factoring in the currently hype.