A Customer Acquisition Playbook for Consumer Startups
firstround.com
firstround.com
1) They are almost useless to new founders. These companies were in their "early days" 6-10 years ago, back when MySpace was still a thing. Although you may learn some "timeless lessons" from them, you'll learn WAY MORE by reading from someone who's currently 2 steps ahead of you vs 100.
2) The curse of knowledge. In general, a photographer who spent 1 year learning how to take good pictures will prob. teach you in a more understandable/actionable way than someone who spent 10 years doing that. The reason is simple: They still remember how it was like to be in your position (beginning) vs. someone who's now focused on TOTALLY different things and forgot the beginner's mentality.
"a violinist who spent 1 year learning how to play" absolutely will not be able to teach you vs someone who spent 10 years. It takes about 2 years to sound not like a dying cat on the violin (you can ask anyone), and about 3-5 years to sound "ok". Vibrato itself take about 5-6 years to develop. Intonation (whether you are playing the right note) takes about 2 years to get a sense of, and 3-6 years to say "ok I know when I'm off", and about 15 years (ie more than your 10 year example) to say "ok I know how to improve".
At 10 years, a violin player is just getting over being a beginner into a moderate level.
Relying on a 1 year old violin player to teach you to play is begging for injuries (yes - playing the violin is an unnatural position and there are ways you can permanently injure yourself - imagine not being able to type ever again because your hands hurt) and possibly permanent burnout from the whole "learning to play music" enterprise.
No. In violin learning make sure you find someone who at least has gotten past the initial hurdles themselves to mentor you.
I can understand if you use some example like writing or journalism or photography to explain the "curse of knowledge" but violin playing isn't one of those things.
I play the violin on an amateur level, and am about 7 years into my journey. I am only now at a level where I am able to give some tips without having to indemnify myself from permanently disabling people who ask me to teach them.
Being easy on myself is how I was able to get through 7 years of sounding bad. I had to sound unbearably bad in order to get here. and I am planning to sound bad for the foreseeable future until I get to my goals.
That's the way of fret-less stringed instruments, and probably a lot of other things in life as well.
Perhaps a safer way to accomplish this is techniques like "peer learning", where students are put in groups and the ones who are ahead (i.e. they understood the concept when the prof presented it) can explain it to the ones who are behind in a way they understand better.
I presume this was all done for analytics and for potentially harvesting email addresses to make a subscriber list.
Your privacy policy states—"We only ask for personal information when we truly need it to provide a service to you."
I am pretty sure there was no need to collect my email for linking me to a file that exists on your server for free distribution.
I am not trying to pick on you, but every time we have a post here on HN about FB or companies doing any sorts of analytics, we have lots of righteous indignation about how server-side analytics is enough and this and that. And yet, here you are, an individual (not a megacorp that needs to show quarterly growth) who effectively did something similar.
Anyway, after all this, I finally got a 2 page PDF with a small bulleted list with just the number of founders who vouched for every channel. The channel was just mentioned in a few words, so it wasn't always clear what the channel meant.
The PDF was so small I first thought you were only distributing the table of contents as a teaser.
This research is more oriented towards founders who are currently working on their startups/businesses. I plan to release further information on each of these acquisition channels and that's why I asked for an email. Plus, I think it's fair to ask for an email if you're distributing something that took 2 years to summarize.
It should be completely fair to complain, since it’s only free in terms of money, but you paid by giving up personal information (your email). A 1.5 page PDF might not be worth that price.
Anyway, I don't plan to get down to your level.
Rather than looking at different channels, if you first understand the target segment, and when I say target, I mean REALLY refined early target, then you will understand where they are. Speak to them there, let them guide you to where others like them are.
Looking at channels first feels a bit more like a spray-and-pray technique.
I was really surprised the other day when a VC couldn't grasp the idea that we knew exactly who our target customer is, and we are able to reach them with very little cost. They couldn't grasp the idea that we had a very focused customer compared to the rest of the market (because we're focused on early adopters), and that we knew this customer so well that we knew where to find them, where it doesn't seem other people in our market are.
At the same time, we're also defining a new category, so we're somewhat distanced from the rest of the market anyway.
1) What approach did you take to "truly understand" your target segment (there are 100s of them)
2) How were you able to reach them to "very little cost" due to "really understanding them"?
I really like the abstract idea of "understanding your target segment so well that you're able to detect where they are", but seen no one so far provide concrete examples on how they did it.
For us, it's pretty simple to talk about our product because we're helping improve sleep. It's such a common problem in today's society, and the existing "solutions", focus on comfort, other physiological changes (cool pads, weighted blankets), ear plugs, eye masks, etc etc. We're using neuro-feedback to alter your sleep state. It's pretty magical. If you want to find out more, check out https://soundmind.co
So, we talk to people and not only about their sleep, but about how it affects their life, what do they do about it, what do they try, what works for them, what doesn't. From here, we were able to build comprehensive user personas, and those personas describe where our users are.
It was also super interesting for us to find that almost nobody talks to their doctors about sleep, very few people we spoke to had been to a sleep lab+.
When you say there are 100s of target segments, yes, you're right, but you don't care about those. I think you care about two things.
1) can you create a customer persona or two, which are large enough to be viable to get the business started
2) is there a common thing that they do, or place where they congregate to reach them?
Don't make a checklist of all the places they could be or all the possible segments, just talk to people, and look for the commonality, let them self-suggest.
That's my 2 cents anyway.
You've mentioned asking people about their sleep, what they do about it, what did they try.
Have you tried something like:
a) Asking: What are the last 10 places on the web (related to improving your sleep) that you visited?
Another way to formulate the question:
"What sleep-related sites/communities/etc. did you visit over the past 10 days?"
b) This is just my idea, but wanted to hear your opinion: Give them a gamified experience (top 100 resources on the web for improving your sleep), but before they see each "section" (1 section=1 acquisition channel, like a FB group, subreddit, etc), they need to shortly type the answer to "What [section] (related to sleep) have you visited?". Can be a simple quiz-like experience using a input box.
Curious to hear your thoughts.
To answer your questions, no, we specifically did not ask questions in a survey style like you're suggesting. No "what are the last 10 places on the web", or anything of the sort.
I've taken a very conversational approach, so there is nothing specifically structured there. I knew I was trying to create a customer persona, and there are a few specific questions I knew I wanted answers to, but not a survey, a conversation.
I'll lead the conversation along the lines of "what have you tried to help you sleep", then based on that "how did you hear about that", "how did you decide what eye mask to buy", "I haven't heard of that solution before, where did you find it?", "who do you talk to about your sleep issues, why them, do they have sleep trouble as well?"
I was looking to understand the customer, not specifically looking for a channel, but in those discussions we found some very surprising consistencies which made us go...what?...that's the stupidest thing I've ever heard! but then...yeah, it's a thing I guess :)
I see a few issues with the "What sleep related sites..." questions, which I think many people would likely ask.
1) If you're in the market, you should know those sites without them telling you. So you're kinda wasting your time and theirs. Specific to sleep, most people don't even speak to their doctors about sleep, so their isn't a "place they go", it's more a "what do you do", and then pulling on that string.
2) Competitors are likely at any site related to your community, so you're just adding to the noise (same as being the noise in a facebook advertisement, etc).
I don't know what you mean about a "gamified experience", your customers are people, treat them that way. I don't think you need 1000 answers. Speak to a few people a day, and in a few months you've got more than 100 people, and you should be able to spot the necessary threads.
"[...]he placed a vacation rental on Craigslist [...] Hours later, he had an email from a young lady who said that Airbnb was a great site, and that he should list his rental on it. She included a direct link in case he wanted to check it out for himself."
If i remember correctly similar strategy of leaching off of competitor worked for FB when they got AOL IM friends lists.
> 1. Performance marketing (e.g. Facebook and Google ads)
> 2. Virality (e.g. word-of-mouth, referrals, invites)
> 3. Content (e.g. SEO, YouTube)
> There are two additional lanes (sales and partnerships) which we won't cover in this post because they are rarely effective in consumer businesses. And there are other tactics to boost customer acquisition (e.g PR, brand marketing), but the lanes outlined above are the only reliable paths for long-term and sustainable business growth.
Marketing calls those "channels". I don't think they're exclusive categories: a startup's YouTube videos could be supporting a viral marketing campaign, for example; ads aren't the only strategy for (targeted) social media marketing; if the "ask" / desired behavior upon receiving the message is to share the brand, is that "viral"?
What about Super Bowel commercials?
Traditional marketing: press releases, (linked-citation-free) news wires, quasi-paid interviews, "news program" appearances, product placement.
"Growth hacking": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hacking