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The article asserts that all people have some European ancestry. I strongly doubt that. Consider uncontacted tribes in Papua New Guinea, the Amazon rainforests or Sentinel Island.

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>At first glance, these dates may seem much too recent to account for long-isolated Indigenous communities in South America and elsewhere. But “genetic information spreads rapidly through generational time,” Rutherford explains. Beginning in 1492, “you begin to see the European genes flowing in every direction until our estimates are that there are no people in South America today who don’t have European ancestry.”

I agree - I struggle with this too. I'm not convinced that in 500 years, European DNA has made it into every. single. individual. in South America. Similarly, I struggle to accept that the same is true for some of the indigenous people of Australia, or other similarly remote tribes.

As a mathematical model, I don't doubt the assertion that it's possible one bit. But humans don't interbreed like that.

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