To Save the Climate, Give Up the Demand for Constant Electricity
bostonreview.net
bostonreview.net
The glass factories, the microchip factories, infrastructure that runs aviation, etc. are a different business which cannot start and stop production around supply interruptions.
The good news (e.g. "gospel") is that U238 + n => Pu239 and that we've mined enough uranium that is sitting above ground (so called "waste") that we've got 200 years of carbon-free fuel to run our civilization.
It can't possibly be economically competitive if it is driving a steam turbine, a huge and precision-engineered power conversion device that dwarfs the reactor and often the heat exchangers. With higher temperature materials (liquid metal or salt coolant) and this kind of turbine
https://www.powermag.com/supercritical-co2-pilot-power-plant...
we would never lack for carbon free power.
https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/published-pap...
people use stainless steel, fiberglass, teflon and other common materials. The most notorious problem is that sCO2 dissolves in hydrocarbon oils, even very heavy hydrocarbons so keeping the CO2 from exiting through the turboshaft seals is challenging, but a solved problem.
The one obnoxious thing for nuclear use is that CO2 reacts with liquid sodium! It's not that hard to contain the effects of a CO2/sodium leak because the volume of the 1500 psi section is small, so that if the coolant loop bursts the overpressure in the (still not very big) confinement structure is more like 15 psi.
What do you mean by "economic competition"? Generally speaking with current technology there is no power cheaper than nuclear power. In that sense it is the most competitive power there is.
But not for private investment funds looking to own power generation and secure huge returns in relatively short term. They'd rather see more expensive inferior dirtier climate-changing power generation they can profit from, not government owned nuclear they can't ever compete with. And in that sense no project with long term investments in science, education, infrastructure will ever be competitive for capitalists. So does it really matter then?
Luckily not everyone is fond of capitalists. Ukraine, for example, recently decided to go against certain capitalist run countries pushing it to limit nuclear and finish building new reactors, because other power is not actually economically competitive. If Ukraine can, surely most of the world can do it too.
The real hazard of the current "renewable energy" economy that is when the sun doesn't shine the backup power is generated from methane (aka 'natural gas') which has very high power density and very low capital cost compared to the steam turbine either in a coal or nuclear plant. (If the airplane was propelled by a steam turbine, the turbine would be the size of the fuselage)
Almost no coal plants have been built in the period in which no nuclear plants have been built in the U.S. for pretty much the same reason. The steam turbine is so expensive it wouldn't be worth it even if the heat was free.
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If a new power source can beat fossil fuels in direct economics it saves the planet. The job is done.
With anything that involves forcing somebody to pay somebody else to make something that is allegedly sustainable the one thing you do know is somebody will get rich on the friction, if the earth is saved is beside the point.
If you love your children's grandchildren choose wisely.
Doesn't natural gas power plants also use turbines to generate electricity? How can it be cheaper than the steam turbine portion of a coal/nuclear power plant?
CCGTs are expensive. Simple gas turbines that are used to meet daily demand peaks are relatively cheap; as GP said they're basically stationary jet engines.
To me it's kind of bizarre that money is so cheap at present, but somehow it's still too costly to use it to invest in things with a delayed payback.
This assumes natural gas is cheap and not imported, most countries don't have it that way.
This is not a solution. It’s dead on arrival but it keeps getting rolled out. End this distraction. The year is 2020. Forty years ago France decarbonized its grid in a decade using serialized production of nuclear power. We know how to do this. There is a solution that we have done. We know how it works. It doesn’t require some impossible utopia of self sacrificing humans. Everyone can keep turning on the lights and running their heaters.
Even putting aside that, that standard of living fundamentally depends on the labour output of developing nations. Without it the economics look very different. Could France have fully de-carbonised it’s grid without international trade to less developed nations producing many things it consumes? Doubtful. High tech sustainable energy is the privilege of stable, developed nations which leverage a significant portion of their living standards from the labour of other, less developed nations.
So you keep hearing this notion because the current notion doesn’t scale to the current earth population let alone where it will be in another fifty years. Both are little more than flights of fancy and their main use is as thought experiments to hopefully come up with something that will actually work. The current trajectory can’t be sustained, and the self-sacrifice utopia will never be reached. In between are scenarios where we’re screwed, but hopefully also ones where we’re not. The search continues.
I completely agree that the concept of a global population of self sacrificing humans is not foreseeable or realistic. But I think that must be tempered with the equal improbability of an energy abundant utopia as you foresee. If it was going to happen we at least need a clear actionable means of making it so, and either outcome seems to have the same foil: human behaviour and self interest.
France uses nuclear power, what makes you think that this is somehow difficult to scale? Electrical energy is very fungible.
Shifting production to developing countries is mostly due to labor costs.
> Counter to this is the persistent myth that we can just increase capacity to meet demand.
This is not a myth, increasing capacity causes issues but those issues are solvable.
What about garage startups?
What about people who need some sort of pager charged? (Emergency responders, including troubleshooters for companies)
What about disabled people, plagued by anxiety, PTSD or Alzheimers?
What about the absolutly ridiciously look the country implementing this first would have from the rest of the world?
Who decides whose "usecase" for continous electricity is "important enough"?
I get a feeling that the article wants to stretch the Overton window for attention purposes, but forgoes all sense in the process...
I think institutional appeals from a conservation and energy-independence mindset can work on some people, though they are surely ignored by many more.
Your grandmother's actions have been more consequential than mine, my discarded plastic is extremely unlikely to end up in the ocean and if it did, it would still look like a jellyfish that a creature would try to eat.
It feels like yet another case of trying to blame consumers for industrial problems. If there are places that have high demand load on a continuous basis, it would be large industrial applications running three+ shifts.
Why can't we just put resource onto new nuclear and other clean energy. If we could solve the storage problem, wind and solar would be amazing.
[1]https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/alberta-sets-new-record-for-peak...
Hang on there, are we so sure about that? Our present-day obsession with reliable technology in healthcare is a very recent development, but it's something that has largely been sold to us by industrialists and the oil industry, and we consume it, increasingly, at the cost of the living standards, even the lives, of the poor and those in developing countries. Society has conditioned us to believe that reliable power for safety-critical life-sustaining applications is something that we can't live without, but a measured examination of the evidence of climate change means that we must urgently reimagine a future without the growth or even the maintenance of healthy human lifespans for those in the developed world.
A modest proposal of my own would be for western governments to introduce climate-safeguarding social credit systems that normalise and enforce the migration to a new intermittency economy, while forestalling the dangers of any dissidence or skepticism that would hold out against the new economic model that this would create. It would help to prepare us for a new society and a new economy that wasn't reliant on the old and unsustainable paradigms of food, resource and energy security.
> A modest proposal
Oh yes, I was taken aback by the sleight-of-hand tricks in the article, and I was keen to take some of the ideas to their logical conclusions while using a similar form of argumentation. I notice that there was a link to a Jonathan Swift article posted earlier, as well: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24683397.
I had a shed built on some cheap off grid land as my office. Bought 100ah 12v battery and 300w of solar. It’s surprising how little power use I can manage when I see the power draw and battery level. I’m not in the greatest place for solar.
It’s also given me an appreciation for how much power different devices can draw.