Ask HN: How to determine what to charge for and how much to charge?

If you do something established, it may be relatively easy to look up standard prices and extrapolate from there what to charge.

But if you do something innovative, how do you determine:

1. What parts of your service to charge for?

2. How much to charge?

All businesses do some things for free. But in order to have a business, you have to make money. How do you work out the details of what parts of what you do justify charging X so the rest of it makes sense -- especially if you are doing something different that you can't (readily) find examples of anywhere?

Edit: Just to be clear, I am not a programmer. That is not the business space I am looking to develop.

Don't let that stop you from using programming examples, but I'm in a different career field. Though I do have a Certificate in GIS and I am trying to do something GIS-related (at least map related as part of it) and 100 percent online that I don't think is normally done remotely, among other innovations.