https://www.vistos.mne.pt/en/national-visas/general-informat...
There’s a “Golden Visa” which is a bit more fancy, but requires you invest at least €500k in a property in Portugal.
Probably white nationalists. I'm not a subscriber to the idea of a full-scale civil war either but with the trends in growth for extremist groups and continued polarization I'd be surprised if violence DIDN'T erupt.
I don't think your wholesale condemnation that it's "nonsense" is helpful. I live in a rural area and, anecdotally, I've been seeing more and more open belligerence as Trump's prospects for reelection wane, fwiw
If Trump wins, and the left/antifa thinks he "shouldn't have" (which they almost certainly will, because voter suppression or electoral college or foreign interference or racism or whatever), then they're going to riot, maybe for a while. Maybe for a fairly long time if the race winds up in the Supreme Court, and is Justice Barrett casts the deciding vote. Big, left-leaning cities could get hot for a while, especially if the Proud Boys or whoever decide that it's their duty to put a stop to the rioting. That's not civil war, though. That's street brawling with a little bit of shooting.
If Biden wins, though, and Trump says that the results are invalid, because of mail fraud, or shenanigans by ballot counters, or whatever, and if he really sticks to that, then I could see an actual civil war - the "authorities" (minus Trump and his circle) vs the red states and Trump's circle. The closer the race, the more likely this scenario is. (It could be circumvented if Trump for once had a moment of decency and conceded the race. I'm not holding my breath for that to happen...)
[0] https://www.voanews.com/usa/race-america/mayors-major-us-cit...
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_racial_unre...
The federal government has it's hands in every state. Most states seem to resist one or more of those programs/directives. It's based on the state government's disposition which was chosen by the people. This is most evident in divisive topics like gun control and abortion.
No place is beyond the reach of the feds though, I'm not sure where you get that idea.