If you’re just wanting to learn machine learning you don’t need anything particularly special. I think you would be happy with GTX 1070. There is also the cloud computing route where you basically rent the gpu from AWS. That will be initially more cost effective than buying your own hardware.
One thing to keep in mind if you do go with the 3080 is the power consumption. Ampere cards are going to be much more power hungry than previous generations, and you will need to budget about 320W just to the graphics card. The recommended power supply for the 3080 is 850W.