If you don't mind relying on a third-party, Notion [1] has pretty much all of your requirements.
Formatting is a pleasure (including formulas and LaTeX), tables are decent, you can easily share notes, etc. Code formatting can improve a lot (only basic language semantics/operators/strings); search is decent. Above all: it's incredibly simple to use, and very customizable.
My three big missing features: 1) full API, so you can develop extensions that provide the missing functionality, 2) end-to-end encryption, 3) 2FA.
For now I'm using only for study lab notes, so encryption is not a big deal. But I wouldn't feel comfortable adding anything confidential without a more decent security model.