2. also I think ! was used rather than . for some networks at some times. Certainly I’ve heard this anecdote from some early users of the internet (or maybe other computer networks)
3. Traditionally the dot is the zero-level or extra-top level domain, a bit like / for root in the Unix file system. Indeed if you use dig you may be familiar that it writes domains like “www.google.com.” My web browser only partly seems to accept this format.