Four Golden Lessons (2003)
nature.com
nature.com
As a way of taking notes, and inviting to read the enjoyable and thought-provoking piece, the summary of the lessons are:
- No one knows everything, and you don't have to.
- While you are swimming and not sinking, you should aim for rough water. Go for the messes — that's where the action is.
- Forgive yourself for wasting time. If you want to be creative, then you will have to get used to spending most of your time not being creative.
- Learn something about the history of science, or at a minimum the history of your own branch of science.
I suppose that can be generalized to learning the history of one's area of expertise. For example, an artist stands to benefit from learning art history, likewise for musicians, mechanics, programmers, and probably any other profession.
If you are looking for more advice to young students, I think this is an excellent guide: http://www.rain.org/~rcurtis/weaver.html
Also, here is a collection of such articles: https://users.cs.duke.edu/~chase/cps300/research-advice.html
HOW?