Here's a list of the things the debian-installer can't do, or at least couldn't do when I needed it:
- accurate partitioning, such as choosing between GPT or MBR partitioning
- filesystem features (btrfs subvolumes, ext4 flags)
- creation of crypt volumes with keyfiles
- having user control over the names of crypt devices
- using an existing crypt device WITHOUT formatting it
- mdadm write-intent bitmap enabling/disabling