From a circuit board etched by someone else and PCB components purchased online and soldered together by a hobbyist, certainly, without too much difficulty (the package used by the programmable gate array requires a bit of specialty equipment, but is within reach).
One other point about Oberon is that I _believe_ that because the design predates open-source FPGA toolchains, a closed toolchain is still required to convert the Verilog (high-level design describing the processor logic) into a netlist (FPGA configuration), and it hasn't been taped out into a chip, either. So, the book covers the design of a computer end-to-middle - that is, without covering how the block / HDL level design becomes logic gates, and without covering how said gates are then manufactured. This is probably fine - the scope has to end somewhere. The linked NAND-to-Tetris articles cover the other end - from logic gates up to typical computing constructs (adder, registers, shifters, etc.).
If you want to go further from scratch... Designing a motherboard wouldn't be too hard, though it probably wouldn't be very good or reliable. Same with a power supply. Designing my own CPU is something I could probably do with several months' worth of effort, as a CompE. But actually making a physical chip of it is another matter entirely. It would be expensive and you'd have to pay a manufacturer to do it. Physically making your own CPU at home is pretty much out of the question, but you could use an FPGA. I have no idea how to go about making RAM or hard drives "from scratch". Same for monitors.
With enough study and motivation everything should be pretty accessible.
I've used it a bit (almost 20 years ago however), certainly still requires committed dedication, then again, just like anything else.