If only there was a network of automatic telescopes watching the sky 24/7.
Oh, there is.[1] GEODSS, with pairs of automated telescopes, picks up satellites, larger space junk, and incoming missiles and asteroids. It has a star catalog and a satellite orbital catalog, and reports anything it doesn't already have on file.
One of the GEODSS sites is no longer used by the USAF, and it's now run by MIT to detect near earth orbit asteroids.[2] The University of Arizona also has Spacewatch, with two automated telescopes.[3] Those two between them have discovered several hundred thousand minor asteroids.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Space_Surveillan...
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Re...