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You'll find all the answers in the book 'Advanced Programming in the UNIX environment' by Richard Stevens. It's also referred to by the acronym APUE.

> particularly how a process for a command is handled through it's life cycle

fork(), execve(), waitpid() and friends

> also things like how redirection works

dup() ing file descriptors. dup2 is atomic alternative to separately closing a file descriptor and dup'ing to it.

xv6 book is freely available on MIT website - it teaches implementation of toy Unix like operating system.. as another commenter mentioned APUE is pretty popular too.

I really liked the Book „Three Easy Pieces“. You can read it online for free and it gives you a good mental model of how stuff works!

Thanks y'all! I have enough material to read through!