We need to create systems that make politics attractive to people who do it out of ideology. I would agree with Plato that character training, or at the very least testing, is useful and appropriate.
Is your implication that right now most politicians are not politicians out of ideology first and foremost, but rather for their own financial gain?
I would take the contrarian view. I would guess the majority of politicians are politicians because of ideology. Although they may not believe everything (or perhaps even most of what) they say they do and what they do believe may change while in office, I would be surprised if they don't have some core ideology that powers them.
It's otherwise unclear to me why politicians seek re-election so frequently. In most Western democracies, a person with the opportunity to become a career politician has far more lucrative job opportunities outside of politics than within, especially once you've become a high-level politician. If people were doing it for money, I'd imagine they'd do a single term and then immediately try to parlay that into another job rather than trying to slug it out term after term.
The other mildly persuasive explanation to me is enjoying the power of the office, but the feeling of power is very hard to separate from fervent ideology.
However, that's not the way politics works.
There is a stable equilibrium where politicians are constantly replenished by the larger population as they leave office, which holds true as t approaches infinity. And indeed this is more or less what we observe in Western societies.
Of course, much complexity is uncovered when you dig into the details. It isn’t a perfect analogy but it seems very useful.
Issue is you have to protect the "choosing" process from interference.
> 2 terms in most positions ought to remove all the oldies implementing policies of 70s on today's people.
This sounds exactly like a problem of ideology, not financial gain.
By enforcing duration of political careers, there will be a constant influx of new blood who will represent the people of the time.
We want people who are attracted to politics out of a sense of responsibility. Folks who feel a bond of both trust and obligation towards the people they lead. Both ideology and financial gain optimize for the wrong things.
Does this also include the founding fathers (Or Abraham Lincoln? How does he stack up, compared to the likes of Jefferson Davis, or many of the other defenders of an unjust status quo?) Were they not ideologically motivated? They certainly spilled a lot of ideologically-sounding ink, and started an ideologically-motivated revolution, and then made a lot of ideologically-motivated decisions. Or do we define ideology to explicitly consider our current orthodoxy to not be ideological? [1]
Lenin and Mao certainly had enough of a sense of responsibility. Just because you disagree with their ideology[2] (And agree with that of the founding fathers) does not mean that they didn't feel that it was their responsibility to bring about what they thought was a better future.
> Folks who feel a bond of both trust and obligation towards the people they lead.
This is, in my opinion, actually a much better litmus test then the rather subjective 'ideology' versus 'responsibility' question (Which hinges entirely on where you stand on an ideological spectrum.)
[1] That would be the 'everyone but me is an ideologue' argument. I don't think it's a great one.
[2] It doesn't need to be said that most people would disagree with their methods, so let's not veer into that tangent.
Certainly stuff like Declaration of Independence or Common Sense is ideololgically-sounding. But these are propaganda pieces: they are also what they needed to be to get the citizenry behind the revolution.
The way to tell an ideologue apart from a pragmatist is to look at their actions when faced like a choice like "Hundreds of thousands of people need to die, but it's for the greater good." The ideologue will choose the greater good; the pragmatist will choose the people.
(Interestingly, by this definition, America's two greatest ideologues are probably FDR and Abraham Lincoln. Which I think is accurate, but they're still widely esteemed. I still maintain that they are two of the most dangerous leaders in U.S. history though.)
> The way to tell an ideologue apart from a pragmatist is to look at their actions when faced like a choice like "Hundreds of thousands of people need to die, but it's for the greater good." The ideologue will choose the greater good; the pragmatist will choose the people.
In this case, the founding fathers were absolutely, unabashedly ideologues. They started a revolutionary war for their idea of the greater good. In an age of hereditary absolute monarchs and colonies and authoritarian rulers, their ideas were completely ideologically motivated (And batshit bonkers, in the world of the 18th century - but rather old-fashioned and uninteresting in the world of the 21st century.)
Given that you've cited both FDR and Lincoln as examples of ideologues, but the founding fathers as not, I postulate that your definition of an ideologue might be predicated on how orthodox and uninteresting their policies are to you.
The way you phrase this dilemma is telling - the implication is that people will die as a result of a deviation from the status quo, without quantifying what the greater good is. What if people will be saved as a result of a deviation from the status quo? Is someone who looks at an ongoing injustice, and acts in response to it an ideologue?
What about someone who adopts an ideology of tolerance towards slave states? Does that person become a pragmatist, because they've weighed hundreds of thousands of deaths, against millions of people enslaved for their entire lives, and decides that actually, the greater good requires those millions to continue to be slaves? [1] What if they decide that the greater good would be to actually go to war, but they choose the greater evil, instead? Is whether or not they are ideologues predicated on which of the two options they believe the greater good to be?
These sorts of questions, of course, lead to truly absurd responses. It's why the ideologue test isn't actually a good one.
Your other metric (Trust and obligation) for determining the quality of a leader is much better, because it does not try to give answers to difficult moral problems, without having any context of what those moral problems are. It's not a guiding principle that a leader must follow - it is a quality that they must express, so that they can make a correct decision.
[1] Is there a formula that determines how many slaves the death of a freeman can buy? And if you pay too dearly for the freedom of a slave, you become an ideologue? [2]
[2] As I said, any guiding principle that seeks to give a one-size-fits-all answer this question, without even knowing what the question is, on 'pragmatic' grounds (Where determining which side is pragmatic is completely subjective!) leads to truly absurd outcomes.