It doesn't care why that's happening, and it shouldn't.
The cable has no way to intentionally violate the breaker: if you try to pull 20 amps out of a 15 amp breaker, it will trip.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker
I don't believe this is up for discussion: the circuit breaker is a device that is designed and used to protect a circuit against fault conditions. That's the whole point of their use: if a fault condition is detected, the circuit breaker breaks the circuit to about the fault to propagate or damage the circuit and/or any device connected to it.