I agree. Are there any major disadvantages to that, aside from size and having to wait for each application to update its own dependancies?
A few this could be solved (esp PAM and GPU ones) by making the full thing work over IPC. Already opengl is a pain to work in generic containers.
Why couldn't this work for a Linux-based OS? Honest question.
In Linux, there is no such authority and therefore no sharp line separating 'core OS' and 'external library'. It is just conglomerate of Linux kernel and independently developed tools and libraries (where each of them is more-or-less optional).