You'd be surprised where the support is. In C#, you would declare a struct type with one read only field of type double, and range validation (x <= x <= 1) in the constructor.
this is the "value object" pattern. http://wiki.c2.com/?ValueObject
Yes there's a bit of boilerplate - especially since you might want to override equality, cast operators etc. But there is support. And with a struct, not much overhead to it.
"public Customer GetById(CustomerId id)" instead of "public Customer GetById(string id)" when only some strings (e.g. 64 chars A-Z and 1-9) are valid customer ids.
Compile-time validation would be ideal, but validation at the edges, well before that method, is good enough.
Usually cured by using Value objects. I wish this done more in OO code.
Could it be better supported in these languages? Yes, for sure. But is it true that "these language do not support such a type" at all? No.
https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2005/05/11/making-wrong-code-...
Can float types even support 0, 1 inclusive? You just can't represent natural numbers like that with floats...