Ada is peculiar because the checks for the ranges are done at runtime. This mean you need a small runtime. A lot of languages are inspired by C and C++ and the types are simple in these languages so it could be an explanation.

Haskell has `Numeric.Natural` but I don't think you can define an integer constrained to a range. It probably goes beyond what the type system can do (statically). I think it's possible with Dependent Types (in Idris) but this is rather new.