Disclosure: I am a programmer based in India.
Since an Indian citizen doesn't live in the U.S. then none of these sorts of laws apply. So, from the U.S. perspective, you would simply be a contractor and your services would be a tax write-off.
You specifically mentioned you aren't asking about companies which have a business in India, so that's out.
Conclusion: I don't know about Europe but I imagine it's the same as the U.S. Because you don't live in the U.S. you will always be a contractor and the only tax / legal implications is that payments towards your services are a write-off. You would be a regular employee in name only. You wouldn't necessarily receive any of the benefits that typically go along with the status of "regular employee."
But in the most cases(Germany) its the lack of trust why we are not offshoring to india or bangladesh. The customers or even management have some anxiety about sharing their specification/code with other firms outside of europe or even outside of germany.
I worked for 2 years in a company where the long term goal was to offshore all of their technical stuff to india. And i can say it took us a long time to build the confidence between the employees(project manager etc.) to work with india in an efficient way.