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From benchmarks [1], 2.8.0 (with jit) is ~2x faster than 2.0.0p648 [2].

[1]: https://pragtob.wordpress.com/2020/08/24/the-great-rubykon-b...

[2]: https://pragtob.wordpress.com/2017/01/24/benchmarking-a-go-a...

notice the "3x3" goal is on a specific benchmark (optcarrot), not on all workloads.

There's no such thing as a performance measurement "on all workloads".

A lot of focus has been on this benchmark https://github.com/mame/optcarrot/ It has seen huge performance improvements thanks to the mjit but not quite 3x yet.

Not up-to-date but many more ruby 3x3 articles, see https://planetruby.github.io/calendar/ruby3x3

Performance is more of an implementation level change rather than a language change unless they are restricting the language to facilitate new optimisations.