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How does the UI framework act when you set a label to such payload? How does your web browser act when it sees it in HTML? I have found working on apps that see a lot of usage in varied markets that as much as we wish to see the best and ideal conditions, malformed utf-8 surfaces in the real world pretty often.

> How should programs display it

what's wrong with foo��.txt

> or even address such a file? ... by using the array of bytes ?

It's ambiguous, for example.

so are a file named Hello.txt and another one named Нello.txt

The fact that if one has two files, say “test{invalid bytes}.txt” and test{other invalid bytes}.txt”, both have replacement characters inserted at the same spot and would decode to the same codepoints.

> Well, now your filename is invalid utf8.

That's reality. An OS which can't keep up with reality is broken.