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These things are monadic:

Functions, continuations, state, IO, parsers, futures, streams, lists, transactions, LINQ, observables.

I can only think of one abstraction more useful - the function.

I didn't say that monads aren't useful; I said that the abstraction is unsatisfactory. The world needs a new clearer concept to use instead of the monad, just as raft can be used instead of paxos.

Monads are literally the simplest/smallest abstraction that makes all these examples compose nicely. It will be hard to come up with something clearer I think.

What is so unsatisfactory about them?

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