Depending on the ISA [3][4][5], there can be jumps, branches, and subroutine transfers (or even a subset of those). Some can be based (conditional) on what value is in a primary register (often traditionally called the accumulator), a condition/flag/status register, a memory location, and even well known constants (0, 1, -1). Many ISAs have ways branching to a function/subroutine/procedure that can include adjusting a calling stack or transferring control to an OS kernel. x86 is notable in that you can cause a branch or jump without calling a branch or jump instruction.
[0] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/assembly_programming/assembly...
[1] https://thinkingeek.com/2013/01/19/arm-assembler-raspberry-p...
[2] https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-powasm3/index.h...
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture