There’s actually no need to use race as a proxy. For instance, you could just help poor folks regardless of race. If certain races tend to be poorer than others due to historical circumstances, that gets automatically taken into account. If the distribution of poverty across races changes over time, the process responds automatically to take it into account.

This has the advantage that it can easily react to individual people instead of forcibly identifying people with stereotypes about their race. For instance, members of historically privileged groups who are nevertheless very poor can still get help instead of being treated as if they are an aggressor in society. This could cut down on a considerable amount of vitriol and unrest by treating people more fairly.