Yes, because the SEC isn't stupid, and would trawl through the data, until they found:
* A set of freshly opened accounts.
* That only shorted a single stock.
* Right before a major hack.
* That cashed out all at once.
* That never traded again.
And then they'd start calling the owners of those accounts, and asking questions. Most of those accounts would be legitimate traders, but that's fine - there's not that many accounts that satisfy four of those five criteria. A few sql queries can narrow it down to the point that basic detective work can solve the rest.
The problem with playing stupid games on the stock market is that there's a very clear paper trail that will link you, as a human being, to the money that you're hoping to make. At least with bitcoin, you can theoretically isolate yourself from the source of the funds, through tumblers, transferring money in and out of shady exchanges, etc.
This is also exactly how the SEC catches insider-traders. By analyzing the flow of trades, and following up on suspicious ones. If the first and only trade you've ever done in your life is a $200,000 short[1] on your employer twenty minutes before a disastrous earnings, you might soon be talking to a very nicely dressed man who would love to get another conviction under his belt.
[1] If you think you're playing 34-d chess, and have done a bunch of other options trades surrounding it, to disguise it, you're just as likely to piss away all of your money before you even get a chance to insider-trade. That's the beauty of options - they will part a fool from their money before they can spit.