One-Third of U.S. Museums May Not Survive the Year, Survey Finds
npr.org
npr.org
> “How are we to live in an atomic age?” I am tempted to reply: “Why, as you would have lived in the sixteenth century when the plague visited London almost every year, or as you would have lived in a Viking age when raiders from Scandinavia might land and cut your throat any night; or indeed, as you are already living in an age of cancer, an age of syphilis, an age of paralysis, an age of air raids, an age of railway accidents, an age of motor accidents.”
Since it's not worth a separate comment - every single museum in the US could be kept afloat during COVID by a single rich person. Unless they want confiscatorily high tax rates in the future they should step up now.
People did back then too, so I'm not sure what's mediocre about it.
We've had to live with situations outside of our hands for a long time. Our ability to alter the impact of adverse events isn't really driven by the magnitude of said events (e.g. family vs tribe vs city vs nation vs world).
No matter the age, you just have to accept that you might encounter very unhappy events.
"fear of the atomic age" is proxy for "fear of a thermonuclear exchange between the US and the Soviet Union" for a generation of people. It's not comparable to COVID-19 and it's not comparable to the other concerns he listed, and for someone so deeply rooted in moral and ethical philosophy as C.S. Lewis I'm surprised.
Anyway, it's off topic, this is my last word on it.
The bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 were about 1000 times as powerful as the largest conventional bombs. Thermonuclear weapons came about in the 1950s. The thermonuclear bombs the USA and USSR had in 1958 were about 1000 times as powerful as the 1945 bombs. It was the development of thermonuclear bombs that made nuclear weaponry the swords of civilizational extinction.
C.S. Lewis was writing about weapons 1000 times less powerful than you're thinking of. He was also writing when the number of nuclear weapons that had been stockpiled was much smaller.
This sounds like a threat. The government is not going to pay for their spending with higher taxes. They are going to inflate it away.
> All but about 5 to 7 percent of the world’s museums are currently shuttered because of the coronavirus pandemic, said Peter Keller, the general director of the International Council of Museums. According to the council’s research, one in 10 may not reopen, he added.
More than 30 respondents to a 41-country survey, by the Network of European Museum Organizations, said they feared they would have to close permanently, among them the Museo de La Rioja and Museum of the Americas in Spain; Kornberg Castle in Austria, the Robert Capa Contemporary Photography Center in Hungary, and the National Historical Museum of Albania.
The gravity of the situation varies by country, depending on how much museums rely on ticket sales and tourism, and how much government funding they receive. Museums in the United States which survive from earned income and philanthropy are more vulnerable than government-subsidized European institutions. The American Alliance of Museums reported to Congress in March that as many as 30 percent of museums could fail in the crisis, if there was no immediate intervention.
Coming from the Library of Congress' digitization project, I knew the importance and complexity of putting collections online so was drawn to them.
Unfortunately, what was one venue for sharing collections became the only venue for sharing collections. I hope they - or other efforts like them - manage to at least document the pieces that are going to disappear into storage or private collections. :(
"In a survey released Wednesday of 760 museum directors, 33% of them said there was either a "significant risk" of closing permanently by next fall or that they didn't know if their institutions would survive."
It still shows a high level of uncertainty, but 1/3rd of museums are not saying they may be shutting down in 2020, as the headline would imply. They do have short runways, but note the discrepancy between 33% saying they aren't sure if they will make it a year, yet 87% saying they do not have a year of runway. 44% therefore have short runways yet do not doubt incoming funding.
What we should do is help the funding return to the other 33% in the next 6-12 months.
Edit: inserted the word “calendar” to clarify a little.
Perhaps the trillions of dollars of stimulus money that has been distributed has something to do with it? Or maybe the generous unemployment benefits the federal government has passed out over the past four months to ensure people could pay their bills and purchase things to stimulate the economy?
Without those things we'd be in a completely different scenario. Things may get worse yet, we're not exactly winning the fight against COVID-19 in the US.
[0] see shaded area: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/UNRATE
[1] their source: http://www.nber.org/cycles/cyclesmain.html (was determined in June)
It makes mining cheaper (good news in the short-term) but also it reduce the incentive to invest in capital-intensive oil rigs. And this will probably mean a small oil shock two years from now. Also, while i did not have the possibility to look directly inot Rystad[0]'s data in 2019, i've talked to people who did and Rystad's predictions about above-ground issue resolution were really, really optimist and still estimated a 1% contraction of european oil supply in 2029 (last time it happened were 2007 and 2009).
Not only counting covid effect on oil-producing countries population hunger but also ISIS resurgence and the continuing crisis in Lybia, i think it would not be dumb to bet on no growth at all in the eurozone.
> An estimated 4,400 Chicago-area businesses have closed during the pandemic. 2,400 say they’ll never reopen.
https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-coronavirus-ch...
> 30% of Americans missed their housing payments in June
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/16/30percent-of-americans-misse...
> 32% of U.S. households missed their July housing payments
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/08/32-percent-of-us-households-...
Evictions are paused, so these missed payments aren't having an effect yet, but missed rent payments are also affecting mortgage payments for the owners - the biggest fallout is still coming.
Since the protections have mostly protected the old at the expense of the young, it will be interesting to see the social ramifications.
Maybe I'm enough of a cheapskate to survive!
The website is Serendipic.org
I'm currently just funding everything myself.
[0]: https://hyperallergic.com/551571/moma-educator-contracts/
The NBLS statistics for museum workers is highly skewed for federally funded museums and those with long career tenures which makes it look like they're paid nearly as much as most other white collar workers but this doesn't mean there's actually jobs in the field. And this was all pre-COVID.
OPM has been desperately trying to get people to retire earlier by offering huge lump sums but with healthcare the way it is, people are not retiring which puts a drag on a strapped public sector in headcount and requisitions, but the implication to me is that when museum persons are retiring nowadays in public sector they're being replaced with cheaper contractors or simply not being filled in at all. I'm familiar with entire libraries being shut down after a single librarian retired.
What other types of establishments are likely to have a high percentage not surviving?
Edit: it’s worse than I thought. Data from Yelp suggest about half of restaurants may be permanently closed. I have no idea how that breaks down into national and regional chains vs independently owned restaurants, however.
See https://www.eater.com/2020/6/26/21304219/over-50-percent-of-...
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dragon-psychology-101/...
Edit to add: it's a myth that objects not currently on public display are "never seen by anyone." Some get seen by the public when used or loaned out for temporary, traveling, or themed exhibits. The rest are generally made available to researchers with interest in that field.
I can confidently say: this is nothing compared to the fall of the USSR or the aftermath of the Plague.
But what I remember from economic history and what the article actually says is mostly opposite.
>Before the plague erupted, several centuries of population growth had produced a labour surplus, which was abruptly replaced with a labour shortage when many serfs and free peasants died. Historians have argued that this labour shortage allowed those peasants that survived the pandemic to demand better pay or to seek employment elsewhere. Despite government resistance, serfdom and the feudal system itself were ultimately eroded.
This was the main effect of the plague. The wealth concentration BBC talks about affected much fewer people.
This time the same is not going to happens because covid just increases demand for automation.
If 50% of working age people died, both wages and automation would increase.
But my understanding is the previous trials demonstrated it was safe. If it turns out to be ineffective, at least no harm is done. So why not make it available? If it works, and is even only partially effective, it would be a big help.
I recall they said the vaccine would be considered "ineffective" if it worked something like less than 50% of the time. But wouldn't a 25% effective vaccine be a vast improvement over nothing?
Even at 25% effectivity, with so many other vaccines in the works it would be a huge waste to go with one that is barely effective when there’s another one that might work at 100%. Obviously the decision must be made eventually, but this is why they don’t rush it out.
So it will be a sunk cost anyway.
(The government is paying for it. Frankly, that's cheap as dirt compared to the economic damage from months more waiting for it to be produced.)
Simply having a sunk cost isn't a good enough reason to actually administer it.
It is for the very real chance of preventing 100,000+ additional deaths.
To bring art to people who can't go see it in person. I haven't been able to visit any museums or art galleries in the past few months. I would really like to.
If you lift lockdown, lots of people get infects. It takes a few days, maybe a week to show symptoms bad enough to go to a doctor for testing. This is the point in time when cases begin to go up. Imagine if you lifted the lockdown for a day and went back.
One to two weeks after that, people will get more seriously ill, requiring hospitalization. Initially this can be treated easy at a (presumably) low-load hospital with no issue, the death toll is low.
One more week and you have the majority of cases in the hospital, this is where most people will die. A month after you lifted the lockdown.
Now imagine not locking down after that one day. After 1 month, you're at the peak of Day 1 infections, the next day the peak of day 2 infections etc. It compounds fast and can overwhelm a hospital.
Once a hospital is unable to care for all patients properly, triage will be applied. People with good recovery chances will receive treatment, those who are risk groups will not.
That's when your death toll will explode very suddenly.
Hospital are frequently overwhelmed even before this particular virus, its not new and yet we didn't require shutdown back then.
The issue isn't how long it takes "for death to show up", it's that patients who are infected don't drop dead on the spot. They develop symptoms, go to a doctor, get bad enough to be forced in to a hospital, treatment stops helping until eventually the succumb to the condition. That can take a while, especially if doctors are fighting for the patients life.
And yes, sometimes hospitals can be overwhelmed by single events, though in the US this seems to be an issue of lack of social healthcare than anything, but generally there isn't a single disease that puts hospitals into a state of triage (that is until Covid when hospitals in various places in the world did have to triage)
And in regard with hospital overwhelmed, its nothing new, this is from 2018, hospital have to setup triage tents:
https://time.com/5107984/hospitals-handling-burden-flu-patie...
And sometimes you build them and they go unused as has been done during this very pandemic because luckily predictions were wrong.[0]
[0] https://www.militarytimes.com/news/coronavirus/2020/04/29/ma...
A triage tent is used to sort patients between codes, ie emergencies and non-emergencies when space inside the hospital is unavailable.
Actual triage means when the hospital itself rejects patients because they do not have the resources to treat everyone anymore. From what it reads in the article, the hospitals weren't unable to treat patients on that level yet.
>Yes, all disease could have delayed death/long lasting permanent damage.
And we don't know what Covid-19 brings but that isn't even the point so I'm wondering why you brought it up anyway.
My point is at the current situation the hospital is no more overwhelmed then what has happened in the past.
>And we don't know what Covid-19 brings
Yes but we can learn from previous similar virus in the past and decision to lockdown should not be taken lightly. Unless this virus has death rate of ebola then there should not be lockdown.
When you say a stat like that you need to caveat it - is that 0.04% of the total population? Case fatality? Infection fatality?
It's also not looking forward - today's total values aren't particularly useful when we can obviously see that the situation has been continually evolving.
Do you have a CDC page giving that number please?
> New data on COVID-19 are available daily, yet information about the biological and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 remain limited, and uncertainty remains around nearly all parameter values. [...]
> Many uncertainties remain. [...] Observed parameter values may also change over time (e.g., the percentage of transmission occurring prior to symptom onset will be influenced by how quickly and effectively both symptomatic people and the contacts of known cases are quarantined).
> The parameters in the scenarios:
> Are estimates intended to support public health preparedness and planning.
> Are NOT predictions of the expected effects of COVID-19.
> Do not reflect the impact of any behavioral changes, social distancing, or other interventions.
> Lockdown is not free, its not without harm.
Do you believe this gives you lee-way to diminish and share bad facts to bolster your claim?
[1] https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/22/health/cdc-coronavirus-estima... <- can't find the original source due to the link being updated on the CDC site.
>Do you believe this gives you lee-way to diminish and share bad facts to bolster your claim?
What bad facts ?
As I said before, that's a difference in a million potential deaths in the United States.
> What bad facts ?
You presented the death rate of the whole of the united states as being somehow indicative of the situation, when you were aware that that's an order of magnitude decrease from the projections for the United States. In addition you presented that 0.04% as somehow in agreement with the estimates " Inline with what has been estimated by most research publication."
So? In the larger scale is not a big number and doesn't justify the lockdown https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5...
"full lockdowns and widespread testing were not associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality"
>. In addition you presented that 0.04% as somehow in agreement with the estimates
Yes the estimates 0.65, the number right now is 0.04, its a lot better, its good news.
Not on the level of local, or even less statewide, hospital systems. It's true that the US is particularly vulnerable to things like this because the structure of the healthcare system leaves very little slack capacity, but healthcare systems at, say, the county level are not routinely exceeding all available ICU, ventilator, etc., capacity (because of the insurance-network based way that hospital preferences are often driven, rather than intelligent capacity-and-location-based distribution, it's probably more common that individual hospitals hit capacity when the local system as a whole is in fine shape, though.)
> its not new and yet we didn't require shutdown back then
Even if the premise was true, which as noted it's not, this argument overlooks that if capacity exhaustion wasn't driven by a particular easily communicable disease, a shutdown wouldn't do anything to manage it.
The shutdown is not due to the healthcare system situation alone, but the combination of situation and the contribution of COVID-19 to the situation.
In 2018 :
https://time.com/5107984/hospitals-handling-burden-flu-patie...
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/past-seasons.html
Given the nature of seasonal flu, it's quite likely that by the time that was noticed, the impact lag time of any control measures would have made them pointless, but maybe there is an argument that control measures would also have been warranted in 2017-2018. But, in any case, health systems in the US being overwhelmed, at the local community—at least urban and suburban, the rural situation can be worse because of the impact of variations when small numbers are involved—is not, contrary to your claim, a frequent occurrence.
Death toll is a trailing indicator (IIRC, it tends to be about 10 days from infection to symptom onset in symptomatic cases, a little bit longer to hospitalization, a few more days to death where it occurs, and that's getting longer because of better care protocols with more experience, so the degree to which death is a trailing indicator is increasing), we've gotten better at managing serious cases (which is better for ventilator capacity since we are using less per case, but worse for overall hospital capacity, IIRC, because we're using more bed-days per hospitalization.)
The fact that cases over time are skewing younger also depresses the death rate but that's somewhat misleading as to impact, because seriously ill younger people are less likely to die but also more likely to have long hospitalization and post-hopsitalization convalescence, and that's only considering immediate consequences and not the increasing array of significant delayed health consequences that are being identified.
First, you lessen the load of the healthcare system. If a lot of people get sick at the same time, hospitals would be swamped and more people would die because care is impossible.
Second, you can bring the disease from an exponential growth to sub-exponential, potentially containing it mostly (this is what happened for example in Germany, where tracking individual infections is now possible again).
Third, you buy yourself time until a vaccine is available. Even if no vaccine is going to appear in the near future, as long as you slow it down long enough (1-2 years) from reaching saturation in the population, that's lives saved.
To slow the spread so that our medical facilities have the capacity to handle the sick, and we don't have to let people die due to lack of healthcare resources.
(Not to mention that many people either refuse to wear masks or don’t wear masks properly covering nose and mouth).
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5...
It's not true that herd immunity is the only endgame. Reducing the size of the disease reservoir, in combination with testing and tracing, is a very effective tactic that has worked against many communicable diseases.
The only acceptable way to get herd immunity is via a vaccine. Reaching for herd immunity without a vaccine is just another way of saying let's allow most of the vulnerable people die; whoever is left at the end will have herd immunity. Yay for them.
It's like saying the solution to war deaths is to fight a huge war to its conclusion. Whoever is left at the end won't be getting shot at anymore--problem solved!
But let's imagine none of that's true. Can you talk about how diseases of despair and deaths indirectly caused by economic troubles play into your analysis? How long do you believe the benefits of lockdowns will outweigh the costs? Do you believe the answer is forever?
"Close to one third of young adults are medically vulnerable to severe COVID-19 illness."
https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(20)30338-4/full...
Even if they did, during uncontrolled spread there is no way to limit infections to a specific subset of the population.
The U.S. has not yet locked down. If it had done so earlier this year, we would see much lower incidences of COVID-19 today--and a rebounding economy--as we see across much of Asia and Europe. Our nationally undisciplined approach has extended the impact of the pandemic far longer than it should have. Continued application of this approach will continue to extend the impact on the U.S. people and economy.
Lockdowns pay off very quickly if they are taken seriously; most people with COVID-19 stop being infectious within 14 days of the onset of symptoms.
People with high risk can and already are behaving differently than people with low risk. That's why the death count is steadily dropping even while the case count is increasing, because young people are returning to normal behaviors while at risk people are being more careful.
In a world with wide spread virus in India, Brazil, the United States, Russia and Mexico it's simply not going away any time soon. Do you believe that these countries can successfully be quarantined from the rest of the world for the next year? What about 3 years? Or is it your position that all of these countries have the political and infrastructure capability of doing complete lockdowns?
> Rapid border closures, full lockdowns, and wide-spread testing were not associated with COVID-19 mortality per million people. However, full lockdowns (RR=2.47: 95%CI: 1.08–5.64) and reduced country vulnerability to biological threats (i.e. high scores on the global health security scale for risk environment) (RR=1.55; 95%CI: 1.13–2.12) were significantly associated with increased patient recovery rates.
The lack of Interdisciplinary Approach in Policy Making: Doctors fail to realize deaths can happen outside of hospitals in poverty and dysfunctional families. Virologists fail to realize that economy equals life, not just money. People need to consider as many aspects as possible when it comes to policy making: economy, psychology, social science, history, communication, statistics, and more.
When you don’t put your most valuable assets on your balance sheet (but do place the cost of acquiring them as expenses) [0], you can’t reasonably expect to be financially stable.
Implicitly, these museums are saying that they’d rather lay off all their staff, than count their art towards their assets [1]. In my opinion, this has always been the real story with financial hardship in the museum world. They have been suffering financially for decades now. Every time membership declines or attendance stalls, they are doomed to teeter closer to the edge.
[0]: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1262403
[1]: see, for example, this financial audit of the museum of Boston. “In accordance with current practice generally followed by museums, collections are generally not recorded as assets in the accompanying financial statements. Purchased additions to the collections are recorded as expenses at the time acquired.” ... “ Museum policy specifies that proceeds from the deaccessioning of an item may only be used for the conservation or acquisition of other collections items.” https://www.mos.org/sites/dev-elvis.mos.org/files/docs/about...
Even if you're of the opinion that the existing internal norms of the art world are bogus - as I think many are - it does not follow that market norms should supplant internal norms. Internal norms can change through deliberation.
Non-profit != charity. Many non-profit organizations are highly focused on the bottom line and given the high ticket price traveling exhibits I think that museums are not different in seeking the cultural relevance reflected by people's engagement, engagement that can be measured in how much they might pay for something.
In terms of how museums choose to curate their collections, I don't really care. That's their business, not mine. However economics exist whether they want to pay attention to it or not. They have bills. They have labor costs. At some point the lights get cut off.
If you sell an irreplaceable object to make a profit at the end of the quarter, you can't just buy a new one when times are better. On the other hand, the ancients aren't making more history, so your collection never goes out of date. If you lay off all your staff, as long as you keep the collection in good storage conditions, you can hire new staff a century later and reopen just fine.
Museum policy that prevents dumping of assets is good policy. A museum that sells its collection is no longer a museum.
I mean, look, I agree, the idea of a museum selling an art piece to make ends meet leaves a very bad taste in my mouth. But I'd rather the museums stay open.
Yes. Shutting down temporary for the short or even medium term is better for humanity,if that is the cost to maintain long-term public access
The primary purpose of museums is not profit or employment, but housing cultural artefacts. IMO it is better (for humanity) if all employees are furloughed or even fired, and the buildings shuttered until a time they are viable again - even if it's a whole new organisation that rises from the ashes or if collections have to be transferred to a different surviving museum.
For any serious museum, it's the opposite: public exhibits are a nice thing they do, but not the most important. Maintaining the collection, and the research it enables, is mission #1.
At some point in the past, all of these pieces were acquired from private collections. Why must the flow be one-directional?
Selling donated items is a direct violation of the concept of the donation. The whole point of donating to a museum is that it is one-directional. Anyone who wants to sell their stuff can do so themselves.
> And yet many serious museums have never offered their artifacts up to researchers for study, either because the researchers don’t exist, or because they have 1000 examples of a piece, 900 are in long-term storage, and are never planned to be used.
The offer is there, even if it has not yet been taken up.
You can't plan for what you don't know yet. Museums are exercises in long-term thinking. For example a fruitful path for finding new species today is to go back through museum collections that have been carefully kept in storage for future researchers.
I agree that the status quo is that donating to a museum is traditionally one-directional. I do not think it needs to be. Yes, people can sell things themselves, but it's often cheaper and easier to donate them to museums for a tax deduction, than it is to sell them at auction.
I totally agree that museums should be exercises in long-term thinking. One aspect of long-term thinking is fiscal responsibility. If museums are teetering on the edge of bankruptcy, posting $100mm losses, they are not thinking long-term or being responsible stewards.
The world is not black and white, and I think it's silly that we should hold museums to black and white standards regarding their ability to borrow loans against some portion of their assets.
I am not suggesting that a museum sell critical pieces of their collections to make a profit this quarter. I’m suggesting they sell or take out loans against the pieces of their collections that have never been on display and will likely never be put on display, so that they can continue to curate and display the pieces for the public to enjoy.
I’m suggesting that it’s hypocritical for a museum to claim that it exists in service to the public (as opposed to private collections), but to close its doors or gouge prices, as an alternative to selling or taking out loans on assets that have never been and never will be displayed to the public. From my perspective, a museum with closed doors and good storage is not a museum, it is a private collection with windows and a board of directors.
I realize this does not work for small museums. I specifically have the Metropolitan Museum of Art (and its cousin museums in other large American cities, which are run with similarly hyper-acquisitional).
It doesn’t make sense to me that these museums can continue to acquire art (a big expense), and lay people off. It’s putting art above people, which does not sound like a public institution to me, regardless of my beliefs about the commercialization of art.
They're putting art and history, and, critically, many people's ability to learn from and appreciate that art and history 100, 200, 1000 years from now, above a few employee paychecks for a few months.
Public institutions should take a long-term view of their public duty.
There's an Association of Art Museum Directors. Usually, the consequence for selling art to pay bills would result in that museum being censured by the art museum directors. They announced a couple months ago that they are allowing a 2 year reprieve from those censures due to COVID.
Many of them have some sort of focus on the history of a place, person, community, people, industry, etc., and much of the value of the artifacts they house comes from the process of curating and contextualizing them to tell us a story about the past.
Because they're telling a story, they may also have replicas of artifacts they can't obtain which hold narrative/educational/illustrative value but fairly little collector value.
Another common genre is something like a house, restored to and preserved in roughly period condition. When these exist because a "significant" person or family built/owned/lived in the house, they'll likely try to obtain genuine objects they can connect to the people there. But they'll of course fill it in with other instances of objects they know the family owned, replicas, and best-guesses.
The person or family may only be locally significant, and the artifacts may have little independent commercial value. The main thing of value is likely to be the building itself.
I agree that citation adds value to a collection. That’s why we pay curators, after all! But, I would also claim that the benefit of curation to the value of the collection as a whole probably scales with the size of the collection, if we’re talking about art or history museums. For instance, having an entire, working 1960s mainframe that’s used routinely for demonstrations at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View is extremely valuable, beyond the monetary cost it would take to acquire and set up the physical hardware. The same system, non working, and with “do not touch” signs all around, is significantly less valuable.
Likewise, a museum with the resources to pull off an exhibit like the Warhol retrospective that was at SFMOMA recently can a full picture of how an artist grows and develops throughout a career in a way that a single work, or handful of works, cannot.