Martin Fowler's "Refactoring" is a great book (I only know the 2nd edition from 2019). From a naive understanding of the "clean code" school of thought one might assume that splitting up everything into small functions, classes, modules is always the way to go. But Fowler's advice is much more nuanced than that. His list of bad code smells includes the aptly named "Shotgun Surgery", which describes just your quoted situation. The suggested way to go is then to first inline all the scattered stuff, next to extract parts such that the logic is more contained.
Your rewrite sounds very similar. And of course you are right: School and books probably don't do a good job of transferring this knowledge. That "Shotgun Surgery" paragraph is easy to discard by a reader who hasn't experienced the pain themselves.