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Comment by teddyh | Hacker News Reader

Isn’t this basically the same thing which was famously used to achieve full motion video in the 1992 Amiga demo “State of the Art”¹ and improved one year later in the followup “9 Fingers”²?

1. https://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=99 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2r7-ygXOzo

2. https://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=100 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGetanBEKK8

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Dunno but the still image definitely reminds me of ‘Another World’ circa ‘91

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_World_(video_game)

Apparently, there's not much info out there about how 9 Fingers was made. I found this [1]. A genetic algorithm takes quite a while to come up with a pic, I wonder how long it took them in 1992! [2]

Kind of related, this series of articles on the vector encoder for Another World [3].

1: http://www.mos6502.com/friday-commodore/9-fingers-the-infamo...

2: https://chriscummins.cc/s/genetics/

3: https://fabiensanglard.net/another_world_polygons/index.html

I can give you a glimpse into the past. Amiga had a very slow CPU (7 MHz) and each instruction took between 4 and 40-ish cycles. However, it had 3 special purpose co-processors. For these demos, Blitter (very fast bit copy and memory fill functionality) and Copper (change palette and even resolution on a specific vertical scan location) were essential. The technique is the same one we used to make 3D games - you would draw an outline (taking care to write a exactly single pixel on boundaries, your line-drawing routines had to be written to take that into account) and let Blitter fill this. Amiga had 6 overlay planes you could use for up to 64 colors (well, it was actually up to 4096 colors with caveats, but let's ignore that for a moment). So, if you write a filled outlines (time shifted) in those 6 planes, you'd get this nice blurred effect. My guess is they manually wrote pixel coordinates for the images, connected them with lines, filled with Blitter, repeated for each frame. It's how things were done back then. Without Internet we had a lot of free time (I was a kid in high school). Those special purpose chips were magical. At the time of IBM XT and its green on black terminals, Amiga was a space shuttle in comparison. For example, my game used to have upper part of the screen in lower resolution (where we painted vector graphics), lower part in higher (where we had game stats).

Here's a quote from Lone Starr:

> "State of the Art was traced by hand with a Genlock overlay and tool I developed. In 9 fingers the process was automatic, my program controlled the videoplayer, digitized one picture, traced it, and skipped to the next frame. For me the equipment at that time was expensive, about 150 Euros for the videoplayer (used the prize money from State of the Art), since it had to show de-interlaced pictures."

I swear I once saw a special encoder format built specifically for compressing south park episodes, but I've never been able to find it again.

Yes!!! I remember this too!!!

But it was so long ago I don’t have the link, I only responded to you to help verify that it was a real thing and you’re not dreaming

Or maybe we all are dreaming 🧐

Ok that got meta quickly

I remember RMVB being very popular for animated shows (I seem to remember Family Guy most of all). It had very good compression ratios.

I remember watching ~50 MB RMVB anime fansub releases circa 2004.

Yes, this was how I was able to watch 200 Naruto episodes before there was streaming video. Good times torrenting all these RealPlayer files on my 50KB/s DSL connection/

My network provider capped my bandwidth to 1mbps because of this for like five years in the early to mid 2000s. They said I used more bandwidth than an entire apartment building (not a small one). Very early days of mainstream pirating. It was a makeshift internet provider that used (stole, I guess) internet access from a nearby university.

Not a special encoder, but i've seen (and used) waifu-2x to upscale low-bitrate/low-resolution video.

I also swear that I've already seen a vector/cartoon optimized codec, but my google-ability are lacking.

never let prior art get in the way of a good software patent, i guess!

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